NAD+
CAS Number: 53-84-9
Molecular Formula: C21H27N7O14P2
Molecular Weight: ~663.4 g/mol
Synonyms: β-Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, β-NAD, DPN, Coenzyme I, Cozymase
Chemical Description
NAD+ is an oxidized dinucleotide composed of an adenine nucleotide and a nicotinamide nucleotide joined through a 5′→5′ pyrophosphate bridge.
The structure contains a nicotinamide ring that undergoes reversible redox reactions, allowing the molecule to function as an electron acceptor in biochemical systems.
In its oxidized form, NAD+ participates in hydride transfer reactions and can be reduced to NADH during various dehydrogenase-catalyzed processes.
General Properties
- Appearance: White to off-white, hygroscopic, amorphous or lyophilized solid
- Class: (5′→5′)-dinucleotide with a pyrophosphate linkage between ribose moieties
- Functional groups: Pyrophosphate, amide on the nicotinamide ring, multiple hydroxyl groups
- Solubility: Freely soluble in water; limited solubility in most organic solvents
Usage Notes
NAD+ is widely employed as a cofactor in enzymatic assays, particularly for dehydrogenases and oxidoreductases in metabolic pathway studies.
It is frequently used in redox biochemistry, energy metabolism research, and as a component of in vitro systems modeling cellular oxidative and reductive processes.
Storage and Stability
Store the material tightly sealed, protected from light and moisture, at low temperature to minimize hydrolysis and degradation.
Aqueous solutions are typically prepared fresh, maintained on ice or at reduced temperature, and used promptly to preserve activity.
Structural Classification
Compound type: Oxidized pyridine nucleotide coenzyme belonging to the class of (5′→5′)-linked dinucleotides.
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